Spectral domain optical coherence tomography quantifies the macular thickness in patients with type 2 dia betes mellitus without significant diabetic retinopathy / 眼科新进展

Objective To observe the retinal thickness of macular in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients without clinical features of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods Totally 40 patients (40 eyes) with T2DM without DR and 70 healthy volunteers (70 eyes) from August 2017 to October 2017 were enrolled in this study.Usage of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and the software of automatic segmentation to measure the average thickness of total retinal (R),inner retinal layer (IRL) and outer retinal layer namely photoreceptor layer (PL) in macular.The foveal center was divided according to three concentric circle with the diameter of 1 mm,3 mm and 6 mm (including the partition of R total,R-1,R-3,R-6,IRL-1,IRL-3,IRL-6,PL-1,PL-3 and PL-6),and the average retinal thicknesses of these partitions between these two group were compared and analyzed.Results The thickness of PL-1 and PL-3 in no DR group was significantly thinner than that in the normal control group [(71 ± 4)μm vs.(73 ± 3) μm and (66 ± 2) μm vs.(67 ± 2) μm,respectively] (both P ＜ 0.05).In the normal control group,except the IRL-6 and PL-1,the difference of the thickness was significant in the other macular regions between various genders (all P ＜ 0.05).In the male subjects,the thickness of PL-3 and PL-6 in no DR group was significantly thinner than that in the normal control group [(67 ± 2) μm vs.(68 ± 2) μm and (65 ± 2) μm vs.(66 ± 2) μm,respectively] (both P ＜ 0.05).In the female subjects,the mean thicknesses of PL-3 and PL-6 in no DR group was significant thinner than those in normal control group [(65 ± 2) μm vs.(67 ± 2) μm and (63 ± 2) μm vs.(64 ± 2) μm,respectively] (both P ＜ 0.05).There was no obviously difference in the other parts between these two groups,Conclusion The mean retinal thicknesses of the parafovea and perifovea are significantly thinner in no DR group than that of the normal control group.The measurement of the PL thickness of macular by SD-OCT may promote the study of early stage of DR,and become an important biological marker for early monitoring of DR.

Risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity in premature infants: a single-center study / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the incidence and risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between May, 2008 and May, 2011, a total of 957 preterm infants at 4-6 weeks of chronological age or 32 weeks of postmenstrual age underwent retinal evaluation by RetCamII in our center, and the data of infants with ROP in any stage were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 957 preterm infants, we found 86 (8.99%) infants to have ROP in different stages, including 60 (6.27%) with mild ROP and 26 (2.72%) with severe ROP. The birth weight and gestational age of the infants with severe ROP averaged 1 420.40∓328.64 g and 29.88∓1.67 weeks, as compared to 1 593.28∓339.30 g and 31.78∓2.53 weeks in those with mild ROP, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.005). The significant variables for severe ROP included gestational age (P=0.001), birth weight (P=0.035), 1 min Apgar score (P=0.001), 5 min Apgar score (P=0.005), number of blood transfusions (P=0.032), and the presence of apnea (P=0.04) and retinal hemorrhage (P=0.000). Gestational age and retinal hemorrhage were the independent risk factors for severe ROP (OR=0.353, 95%CI 0.163-0.763, P=0.008; OR=26.133, 95%CI 3.042-224.501, P=0.035).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Severe ROP tends to have a decreasing incidence and occurs more often in more mature preterm infants. The affected infants have the characteristics of the first epidemics. Gestational age and retinal hemorrhage are independent predictive factors for severe ROP.</p>

Effects of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody on the level of cytokines in aqueous humour after rat penetrating keratoplasty / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the toxicity of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to rat cornea and its effects on the cytokines in the aqueous humour after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), thereby evaluating the effect of anti-CD25 mAb in preventing corneal allograft rejection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The corneal toxicity of anti-CD25 mAb at 50, 100 and 200 microg administered via subconjunctival injection was evaluated in 12 SD rats by histological examination and transmission electron microscopy. Another 93 SD rats were randomized into 5 groups, and transplantation of corneal allograft from Wistar rats was performed in 4 groups with the other group as the normal control. The 4 allograft groups were treated with saline, 100 microg anti-CD25 mAb, 100 microg anti-CD25 mAb with 50 microg dexamethasone, and 50 microg dexamethasone, respectively. The graft rejection was observed, the aqueous humour levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 were measured with ELISA, and IFN-gamma mRNA expressions in the grafts detected with RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>anti-CD25 mAb at 50 or 100 microg did not show significant toxicity on the cornea, but at 200 microg, the mAb caused swelling of the corneal stromal cells and endothelial cells. After corneal allograft transplantation, a significant delay in allograft rejection was observed in the 3 groups with mAb or dexamethasone treatment as compared with that in saline group (P<0.05). IFN-gamma mRNA expression in the allograft on days 11 after PKP and in the aqueous humour on days 6 and 11 was markedly increased in saline group compared with that in the 3 treatment groups (P<0.05). The mean IL-4 level in the aqueous humour was significantly higher in the mAb group than in saline group (P<0.05), but markedly lower in anti-CD25 mAb+dexamethasone and dexamethasone groups than in anti-CD25 mAb group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Anti-CD25 mAb at 20 and 100 microg does not obviously affect the rat corneas. Anti-CD25 mAb inhibits IFN-gamma expression and promotes IL-4 the expression to reduce corneal allograft rejection, whereas anti-CD25 mAb with low-dose dexamethasone inhibits both IFN-gamma and IL-4 expressions to more effectively promote the graft survival.</p>